What is the common disorder of pregnancy | what is the types of common disorders of pregnancy.

Common disorders of pregnancy:-

Ectopic pregnancy:-

• A pregnancy in which the fetus develops outside the uterus.
• Most common site is a fallopian tube; other sites include ovaries, cervix and abdomen.
• Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy include: pelvic inflammatory diseases(PID), tobacco,smoking and the use of assisted reproductive technology.
• Sign and symptom classically include abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding.
• Treatment:- Methotrexate to terminates the fetal growth and subsequent abortion. Surgical intervention may be necessary.
• Administer RhoGAM to Rh negative mothers.

Placenta previa:-

• Placenta is implanted partially or wholly in the lower uterine segment(near cervical os).
• It is a leading cause of antepartum hemorrhage.

Types of placenta previa:-

• There are four types of placenta previa
• Low-lying:-Placenta implanted in the lower segment of uterus but does not reaches (covers) the cervical os.Vaginal birth is possible.
• Marginal:-Border of the placenta touches the cervical os. Vaginal birth are normal safe.
• Partial:- the placenta only partially obstructs cervical os. Vaginal birth is still possible mostly CS is preferred for partial type.
• Complete:- Implantation totally covers the cervical os. Cesarean section is usally recommended.

Sign and symptom:-

Pain , bright red bleeding soft uterus anemia uterine contractions.

Painless bleeding is associated with placenta previa.

Treatment:-

For minimal to no bleeding

Bed rest

For heavy bleeding

C-section may be recommended..

ABRUPTIO PLACENTA:-

• The separation of the placenta from its site of implantation after 20 weeks of gestation or during the course of delivery.
• Types:-Concealed abruption,revealed abruption,mixed type.
• Risk factors:- Increased age and parity;vascular disease, Supine hypotensive syndrome smoking cocaine use uterine myoma. 
• Sign and symptom:- 

Vaginal bleeding accompanied with abdominal pain.

Bloody amniotic fluid.

Pallor skin,hypotension.

Signs of shock.

Treatment:-

Depends on gestational age. It ranges from symptomatic management to C-section or vaginal delivery.

ABNORMALITIES OF PLACENTA:-

Velamentous insertion:-

The umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membrane,then travels withing the membrane to the placenta.

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